A trunked radio system is two-way radio system that uses a control
channel to automatically direct radio traffic. Two-way radio systems are either
trunked or conventional, where conventional is manually directed by the radio
user.
Trunking is a more automated and complex radio system, but provides the
benefits of less user intervention to operate the radio and greater spectral
efficiency with large numbers of users. Instead of assigning, for example, a
radio channel to one particular organization at a time, users are instead
assigned to a logical grouping, a "talkgroup". When any user in that
group wishes to converse with another user in the talkgroup, a vacant radio
channel is found automatically by the system and the conversation takes place
on that channel. Many unrelated conversations can occur on a channel, making
use of the otherwise idle time between conversations. Each radio transceiver
contains a microcomputer to control it. A control channel coordinates all the
activity of the radios in the system. The control channel computer sends
packets of data to enable one talkgroup to talk together, regardless of
frequency.
The primary purpose of this type of system is efficiency; many people
can carry many conversations over only a few distinct frequencies.[1] Trunking
is used by many government entities to provide two-way communication for fire
departments, police and other municipal services, who all share spectrum
allocated to a city, county, or other entity.
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